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Kefir Is a Fantastic Source of Many Nutrients. …
Kefir Is a More Powerful Probiotic Than Yogurt. …
Kefir Has Potent Antibacterial Properties. …
Kefir Can Improve Bone Health and Lower the Risk of Osteoporosis. …
Kefir May Be Protective Against Cancer. …
The Probiotics in It May Help With Various Digestive Problems.
Kefir is a fermented drink, traditionally made using cow’s milk or goat’s milk.
It is made by adding kefir grains to milk. These are not cereal grains, but grain-like colonies of yeast and lactic acid bacteria that resemble a cauliflower in appearance.
Over approximately 24 hours, the microorganisms in the kefir grains multiply and ferment the sugars in the milk, turning it into kefir.
Then the grains are removed from the liquid and can be used again.
In other words, kefir is the drink, but kefir grains are the starter culture that you use to produce the beverage.
Kefir originated from parts of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia. The name is derived from the Turkish word keyif, which means “feeling good” after eating.
Traditional kefir is fermented at ambient temperatures, generally overnight. Fermentation of the lactose yields a sour, carbonated, slightly alcoholic beverage, with a consistency and taste similar to drinkable yogurt.
The kefir grains initiating the fermentation consist of a symbiotic culture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts embedded in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. The matrix is formed by microbial activity and resemble small cauliflower grains, with color ranging from white to creamy yellow. A complex and highly variable community can be found in these grains, which can include lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeasts. While some microbes predominate, Lactobacillus species are always present. The microbe flora can vary between batches of kefir due to factors such as the kefir grains rising out of the milk while fermenting or curds forming around the grains, as well as temperature.
During fermentation, changes in the composition of ingredients occur. Lactose, the sugar present in milk, is broken down mostly to lactic acid (25%) by the lactic acid bacteria, which results in acidification of the product. Propionibacteria further break down some of the lactic acid into propionic acid (these bacteria also carry out the same fermentation in Swiss cheese). Other substances that contribute to the flavor of kefir are pyruvic acid, acetic acid, diacetyl and acetoin (both of which contribute a “buttery” flavor), citric acid, acetaldehyde, and amino acids resulting from protein breakdown.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus brevis
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus
Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum
Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei
Lactobacillus cellobiosus
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
Lactobacillus fructivorans
Lactobacillus helveticus subsp. lactis
Lactobacillus hilgardii
Lactobacillus kefiri
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens
Lactobacillus kefirgranum sp. nov
Lactobacillus parakefir sp. nov
Lactobacillus lactis
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactococchi e Streptococchi (11-12%)
Lactococci lactis subsp. lactis
Lactococci lactis var. diacetylactis
Lactococci lactis subsp. cremoris
Lactococci mesenteroide
Streptococci salivarius subsp. thermophilus
Streptococci lactis
Enterococcus durans
Leuconostoc cremoris
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
yeast(16-20%)
Candida kefir
Candida pseudotropicalis
Candida rancens
Candida tenuis
Debaryomyces hansenii
Kluyveromyces lactis
Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
Kluyveromyces fragilis/marxianus
Saccharomyces subsp. torulopsis holmii
Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
Saccharomyces unisporus
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
acetobacteria
Acetobacter aceti
Acetobacter rasens
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